Using a non-conductive ladder can protect workers against electrocution if the ladder makes contact with the overhead powerline.

Ladders used on construction sites to access overhead work are convenient and portable and can be used anywhere at the job site.  Because ladders are common equipment, workers overlook the hazards associated with using them improperly or transporting them around the site.  Workers may not realize that cranes are not the only equipment that reach powerlines; working with a ladder near a power line also poses the risk of electrocution. 

Ladders are effective tools for cleaning, painting, roofing, etc., but sometimes the work zone is close to energized lines, posing the risk of electrocution while working on a ladder.  A study by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) on ladder electrocution indicated that in 8 years, 54 ladder-related fatalities involved use of metal ladders.  Using dry non-conductive ladders can eliminate much of this risk.  Different mandatory OSHA standards and voluntary guidelines apply to the use of non-conductive ladders.  29 CFR 1926.450(a)(11), 1926(c)(1), NIOSH[1985b], and AFOSH Std 127-3, ANSI A14.5.  Where feasible, ladder use should be minimized by using safer alternatives such as aerial lifts, scaffolds, and platforms.  These alternatives primarily reduce fall hazards, so precautions to prevent electrocutions must still be in place.  Ladders are appropriately used for access to the work area, working from a ladder or using it as a work platform increases exposure to risk.

IMPORTANT:  While using a non-conductive ladder, a horizontal safe zone from overhead live lines should be maintained (Figure 1).

IMPORTANT: Proper ladder setup should be utilized all the time. It is a safe practice to secure the ladders for accidental movements (e.g. secure the extension ladder on top and bottom).

To guard against electrocution from ladder/power line contact, OSHA regulations prohibit the use of conductive ladders near energized lines.

Wood Ladders

Wood ladders are the oldest recorded type of ladder. Because wood is an electrical insulator was often less expensive, wood ladders were a good alternative to other types and were historically the preferred choice of homeowners and small shop owners.  Wood tends to age relatively fast and can lose its structural integrity over the years, so wood varnishes often are used to extend the lifetime of a ladder.  It is important, however, for workers near electric power lines to avoid using ladders contaminated with an oil coating, as this can conduct electricity. Wood ladders coated with a clear varnish finish and washed with soap when necessary to remove surface oil will help it remain non-conductive.

IMPORTANT: Water is also an excellent conductor, so no matter what the ladder is made of, wet ladders should be kept away from the powerlines.

Fiberglass Ladders

Fiberglass is a prefabricated, manufactured material that is considered an excellent electrical insulator.  Ladders made of fiberglass are very durable and have a long life span.  Fiberglass ladders can lose their electrical insulation advantage if they become wet.  So, it is important to not work near electric lines in rain or any other situations in which the ladder may get wet.  Fiberglass ladders weigh less than wood and are easy to lift and move.  Fiberglass ladders are the safest choice available for workers working near energized lines.

NOTE: Wood ladders are heavier than other types of ladders, and have higher risk of improper installation due to their weight. Moreover, wood ladders are combustible, which does not make it a suitable solution for construction environment. However, fiberglass ladders are the safest choice available for workers working near energized lines.

Using non-conductive ladders at a safe distance can improve productivity by reducing the number of injuries associated with electrocution while working on overhead power lines. Moreover, there is less need to spend time and money to contact a utility company to de-energize lines and then follow all grounding processes to ensure de-energizing (it should be noted that de-energizing is the safest route for working around electrical equipment/lines). In addition, the Fiberglass ladders are light weight and easier/faster to move. Generally, when workers feel safe working on live lines, they will be more productive.

Precautions:

• Make sure the ladder is clean and dry.
• Carefully check power line locations before using or shifting the ladder.
• Lower the ladder when moving it, to avoid make contact with live lines.
• Never work on windy days, since wind can move the ladder and put line workers at risk.
• Place the ladder on a solid surface before using. Tie off the ladder to prevent it from moving, if possible.
• Never touch any type of ladder, even a fiberglass one, if it contacts a live power line.
• If the minimum safety distance cannot be kept, contact the utility company to de-energize lines.

Maintenance and testing:

• All types of ladders must be inspected before and after each use.
• Fiberglass ladders must be kept away from sources of heat and moisture and must be stored in well-ventilated areas.
• Fiberglass ladders should be waxed with paste wax for extended life span.
•  If fiberglass ladders are stored horizontally, they should be supported at several points to avoid slipping.
• Fiberglass ladders must be kept clean using soap and water.
• Fiberglass ladders are not malleable. Although nicks and scratches are very common, if there is any doubt, the ladder must be tested before its next usage.
• Wood ladders must be kept clean using soap and water.
• If the varnished surface of a wood ladder becomes scratched, it must be inspected and repaired immediately in order to preserve the wood and to maintain non-conductive features.